The Old Charges Revisited

Since 1717, this has been a subject of passionate concern to almost every Freemason. There remain a mass of competing views and theories, and this question has dominated research into Freemasonry.

Brother John Marshall

John Marshall was born on September 24, 1755 at Germantown (now Midland) in what became Fauquier County, Virginia four years later. He served first as lieutenant, and after July, 1778, as captain in the Continental Army in the Revolutionary War. John Marshall spent the winter of 1777-1778 with the troops in Valley Forge.In 1781, he resigned his military commission and studied law

Did Sir Robert Moray, distinguished Freemason and first president of the Royal Society betray his King?

In order to learn more about this very complex man and the exciting times in which he lived, we will attempt to examine his motives and actions during the war years. The problem with looking back 400 years is separating fact from fiction which in Robert Moray’s case is no easy task. Look what happens when writers feel a need to flesh out details.